Automotive

Classical Controller Area Network with 11-bit and 29-bit identifiers, CSMA/CR arbitration, and up to 8 data bytes. Dominant/recessive wir…

CAN Flexible Data-Rate extends classical CAN with up to 64 data bytes and a faster data-phase bitrate after arbitration. BRS and ESI bits…

Transport protocol that segments large diagnostic payloads across CAN frames using Single, First, Consecutive, and Flow Control PCI types…

Automotive diagnostic application layer: services like DiagnosticSessionControl, ReadDataByIdentifier, and RoutineControl. Runs over ISO-…

Low-cost single-master UART-based vehicle bus for body electronics. Schedule tables, break/sync/ID framing, and enhanced checksum define …

Single-edge nibble transmission for automotive sensors. Tick time, sync pulse, and CRC nibble framing are fixed; Fast/Slow channels carry…

Timed pulse encodings for actuators, RC control, and sensing. Duty cycle, period stability, and edge polarity define the information chan…

Time-triggered dual-channel automotive network with static TDMA and dynamic mini-slot segments inside a communication cycle. Sync frames …

Ring-topology multimedia network historically used for in-vehicle audio, video, and control. Synchronous, packet, and control channels sh…

Single-pair Ethernet PHYs (OPEN Alliance / IEEE 802.3bw/bp and successors) built for vehicle harnesses, often with TSN for latency and sh…

Legislated light-vehicle diagnostics exposing PIDs and DTCs through a standard connector. Modern cars carry OBD on CAN (ISO 15765); older…

ISO 13400 transport that carries UDS over TCP/UDP on vehicle Ethernet. Vehicle announcement/discovery, routing activation, and logical ad…

Heavy-duty CAN application layer used on trucks, buses, and off-highway machines. 29-bit CAN IDs encode priority, PGN, and source address…