Protocol

IPv4 / IPv6

Internet Protocol

Lab ready Full lab

Internet Protocol (IPv4/IPv6) — best-effort packet network layer with addressing, TTL/hop limit, and optional fragmentation. IPv6 adds extension headers, larger addresses, and Neighbor Discovery in place of ARP. Almost every higher protocol in this lab rides on IP somewhere.

Domains

Layers

Tags

routingaddressingdatagraml3

Sources

  • RFC 791 (IPv4)
  • RFC 8200 (IPv6)

Related protocols

Ethernet II

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Ubiquitous LAN frame: 6-byte MACs, 2-byte EtherType, payload, and 32-bit FCS. Preamble/SFD precede the frame on the wire; 802.1Q inserts …

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TCP

Lab ready

Reliable, ordered byte-stream transport with ports, sequence/ack numbers, windowing, and congestion control. Three-way handshake and four…

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UDP

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User Datagram Protocol — connectionless transport with ports and an optional checksum. It is the basis for DNS, RTP, QUIC, DHCP, and RoCE…

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ICMP

Lab ready

ICMP/ICMPv6 carries control and error messages for IP: echo, unreachable, time exceeded, and (for v6) Neighbor Discovery. Operators filte…

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