Wireless

Short-range low-power radio using advertising, connections, and GATT attribute tables for application data. PHY rates (1M/2M/Coded), ATT …

Mesh networking on IEEE 802.15.4 with APS endpoints and Zigbee Cluster Library (ZCL) application semantics. Coordinators form networks; r…

IPv6 mesh on IEEE 802.15.4 using 6LoWPAN compression, mesh forwarding, and border routers to upstream Ethernet/Wi-Fi. It often carries Ma…

IP-based smart-home application layer (CSA) that unifies devices over Thread, Wi-Fi, or Ethernet. Fabrics, certificates, and cluster data…

LPWAN MAC over LoRa chirp spread-spectrum PHY with OTAA/ABP join, session keys, and adaptive data rate. Uplink/downlink windows, duty-cyc…

Nordic Semiconductor short-range proprietary packet modes, including Enhanced ShockBurst, for low-latency links on nRF radios. Address fi…

REST-like protocol for constrained devices, typically over UDP, with confirmable/non-confirmable messages, tokens, and resource discovery…

Digital Mobile Radio — an ETSI TDMA LMR standard with two slots in a 12.5 kHz channel for voice, data, and trunking control. Tier I/II/II…

APCO Project 25 public-safety digital radio with FDMA Phase 1 and TDMA Phase 2 common air interfaces. IMBE/AMBE vocoders, trunking contro…

IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN using CSMA/CA with management, control, and data frames plus WPA-family security. PHY generations (n/ac/ax/be) c…

BR/EDR Bluetooth forming piconets for audio and serial profiles such as A2DP, HFP, and SPP. Frequency hopping and ACL/SCO/eSCO logical li…

Publish/subscribe messaging over TCP with QoS 0/1/2 delivery grades. Topics, retain flags, and last-will messages are core broker feature…