AV

Textual session description: media lines, codecs (rtpmap/fmtp), ICE candidates, and direction attributes. Carried in SIP, WebRTC, and MGC…

End-to-end media transport for audio/video: sequence numbers, timestamps, SSRC, and payload type. Usually over UDP; profile and format sp…

Timed pulse encodings for actuators, RC control, and sensing. Duty cycle, period stability, and edge polarity define the information chan…

Ring-topology multimedia network historically used for in-vehicle audio, video, and control. Synchronous, packet, and control channels sh…

USB class for keyboards, mice, gamepads, and vendor-defined reports. Report descriptors declare bit-level layouts that hosts parse into i…

64 kb/s PCM audio codecs for telephony: μ-law (PCMU, North America/Japan) and A-law (PCMA, elsewhere) compress linear samples with logari…

Companion control protocol to RTP providing sender/receiver reports, SDES identity, BYE, and extension feedback. Report intervals scale w…

Secure RTP/RTCP with encryption and authentication, keyed from SDES, DTLS-SRTP, or MIKEY. A rollover counter (ROC) and key derivation pro…

Application-defined signaling — often SIP, or JSON over WebSocket — that exchanges SDP offers/answers and ICE candidates for WebRTC peers…

BR/EDR Bluetooth forming piconets for audio and serial profiles such as A2DP, HFP, and SPP. Frequency hopping and ACL/SCO/eSCO logical li…

Musical Instrument Digital Interface — real-time music control messages (note on/off, CC, program change) over 5-pin DIN, USB, or RTP-MID…

DMX512 lighting/show-control bus: 250 kb/s RS-485 carrying a break, mark-after-break, start code, and up to 512 channel slots. Controller…